I have written on dependency injection before and came up with a solution for PHP via interface injection. Thinking about it twice I didn't like it very much. Its too much overkill that you have to implement all setter methods again and again.
Still dependency injection is the way to write good, testable and easily exchanged and re-wired object graphs. I tried to do lots of dependency injection via constructor lately and realized that it pollutes my constructors when my object graph is too deep.
An example: When I setup my database connection in the bootstrap file and encapsulate it in my model creation factory object, i have to insert the model factory through the configuration into the dispatcher into the different controllers and views to be accessible in the MVC pattern. The model factory has to walk 3 nodes in the object graph without being used at all in the "higher" steps. This creates very unnecessary dependencies.
I came across Misko Hevery's Blog, which rocks. There are also some great Google Tech Talks by him, where he argues in favour of dependency injection and debunks singletons as being evil (he does that on his blog too). From there I learnt about Guice, a dependency injection framework for Java by Google.
What I like about Guice: Its easy to use and its immediately obvious to someone without experience, why it works so good and you don't have to hand down objects deep down the object graph. I cloned the basic functionality for PHP and an example would work as follows.
We first have to implement a module, which defines which concrete implementation should be injected as a placeholder for which interface.
class ServiceModule implements Module{ public function configure(Binder $b) { $b->bind("Service")->to("ConcreteService"); $b->bind("Add")->to("ConcreteAdd"); $b->bind("Sub")->to("ConcreteSub"); }}
We can now use this module to instantiate an injector object:
$injector = new Injector( new ServiceModule() );$service = $injector->getInstance("Service");
Given that the constructor of ConcreteService would expect an Add and a Sub object, the Injector would realize this and instantiate the concrete implementations ConcreteAdd and ConcreteSub and inject them into the constructor.
What makes this dependency injection so simple and great to use? You can instantiate an injector everywhere in your code and just have to configure it using the additional module implementation. This way you don't have to make sure that you pass down the dependency injection container from the bootstrap into all nodes of the application. You can also easily work with many frameworks and still be able to use dependency injection without having to hack the whole core of the framework.
My guice clone does more. It allows to pass down additional non-object arguments into constructors, even for object dependencies. It offers a Provider interface to be able to wrap adapters around your already existing ServiceLocator or Registry objects. But its reflection capabilities have to be extended to docblock comments, so that better dependency detection is possible.
Because using dependency injection with only this little example I will refrain from releasing the source code yet. I have to provide some useful documentation for it to be of use to anyone.